CLIMATE CHANGE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
UNDP is supporting Indonesia in maintaining and managing the country’s rich environment, including Indonesia’s vast marine and terrestrial biodiversity and energy resources. UNDP is working for a sustainable environment and development policy, which integrates climate change concerns and at the same time provides poverty reduction and human development.
 Climate change is a reality and urgent actions on climate change adaptation and mitigation are required. With an over 80,000 km long cost line and 17,000 islands, many people in Indonesia are depending on climate sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry and coastal community economies. Consequently, Indonesia is especially vulnerable to climate change, with the severe impacts of a changing climate already being felt in various parts of the country. Unreasonably, it is the poor and vulnerable communities that are being hardest hit by the changing climate. As a result, climate change is directly threatening Indonesia’s recent achievements on poverty reduction and other Millennium Development Goals (MDGs).
In addition to being strongly affected by climate change, Indonesia is also one of the world’s largest emitters of Green House Gasses (GHGs), thus contributing significantly to climate change. Indonesia’s largest emissions originate from deforestation and land degradation and conversion. In addition to causing climate change, these practices threaten livelihoods, biodiversity, peace and stability.
Given the implications of climate change for Indonesia and vice versa, the Indonesia UNDP Country Office considers climate change a top priority issue. Concrete climate change action is required if the Government is going to reach Indonesia’s ambitious emission reduction targets. UNDP is therefore engaging closely with the Government to pursue climate change adaptation and mitigation in the context of an environmentally sound and sustainable development framework.
Second National Communication to the UNFCCC
UNDP supports the Government of Indonesia in preparing the Second National Communication (SNC) to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The SNC is a highly strategic document, including
how the Government can reduce Indonesia’s GHG emissions with 26% by 2020, as announced by the President as well as a full assessment
of national programs for mitigation and adaptation to climate change. UNDP is facilitating a sound consultation process, in addition to ensuring that GHG emissions from each key sector are documented and agreed upon. The SNC report was launched during the National Dialogue
on Climate Change on the 23rd of November 2009.
 Read more...
UN-REDD: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation
Indonesia holds the world’s third largest tropical rainforest, but has the world’s second largest deforestation rate. In fact, approximately 70% of Indonesia’s GHG emissions are related to land degradation, inappropriate land uses, and land conversion. UNDP is therefore assisting Indonesia in preparing for large scale reduction of GHG emissions through the UN Collaborative Programme on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries (UN-REDD Programme). UN-REDD is a collaboration initiative between FAO, UNDP and UNEP, funded by Norway, aiming to assist tropical forest countries in establishing a fair, equitable and transparent regime for reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation. Core initiatives include national and local capacity and consensus building on the REDD architecture and establishment of Measurement, Assessment, Reporting and Verification system.
Read more...
Building local capacity for climate change adaptation
One example of UNDPs local climate change work is UNDPs focus on the vulnerable Aceh province. UNDP will, in cooperation with the International Centre for Aceh and Indian Ocean Studies (ICAIOS) and supported by the Ford Foundation, train local researchers in the Indonesian province of Aceh to become experts on climate risk management, including adaptation and mitigation in relation to poverty. This thorough training will enable the researchers to provide information and policy advice on climate change and poverty to the local government, as well as map the future challenges of Aceh in relation to these issues. The aim is to strengthen the local government’s capacity to develop environmentally sound and sustainable policies in a changing climate.
Read more...
Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF)
Effective financial mechanisms are critical in order to attract resources on climate change mitigation and adaptation. Indonesia is currently in the process of operationalizing the ‘Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund’ (ICCTF), a Multi-Donor Trust Fund (MDTF) intended to fund climate change initiatives in Indonesia. The ICCTF is, in fact, the first nationally owned, led and administered MDTF in Indonesia. UNDP has been appointed as the transitional fund manager for ICCTF, and assists the Government in the operationalization of the fund. Several donors are already committed to contribute to ICCTF, such as DFID, AusAID, Norway and the US Department of Energy. Please see the ICCTF website for further details: http://www.icctf.org/
Climate benefits through Ozone Layer Protection
UNDP has been the lead agency in assisting Indonesia in ratifying and implementing the Montreal Protocol, which concerns the reduction and phasing out of substances that both threaten the ozone layer and/or cause climate change. The aim of an elimination of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) is particularly important, and notably the Government of Indonesia banned all CFC imports from January 2008. The reduction and phasing out of hazardous and toxic substances from industrial pollution is an equally important aim. UNDP is additionally on track to generate large scale GHG emission reductions from the private sector with over 300 private companies involved in the Montreal Protocol project. UNDP has together with UNIDO and the World Bank reduced approximately 50 000 000 CO2 equivalent (GWP tons) emissions since 2003. In the future, the project will reduce approximately 4000 MT Hydrofluorocarbons (HCFCs), substances that can damage the ozone layer and cause climate change.
Read more...
Rural development with renewable energy
UNDP is, in cooperation with the Indonesian Government, implementing a number of community managed climate friendly microhydro power projects throughout Indonesia. The aim is to promote increased use of microhydro technology in both small-medium enterprises and community-based applications. Sites across remote Indonesia are being particularly addressed in order to improve rural electrification and local livelihoods. Until October 2009, the project had trained 344 microhydro stakeholders national-wide thus stimulating further implementation of new microhydro power plants, such as provincial government’s plan to install 200 microhydro in East Java. To date, the project has been able to reduce 280 ktons CO2eq out of 304 ktonnes CO2eq as targeted by the end of next year.
Read more...
‘SWITCH to BIOGAS’
Dairy farming has acted as a lift out of poverty for many farmers in East Java. However, current practices of dealing with dairy cattle manure is a significant source of methane emissions, contributing to climate change. UNDPs biogas project aims to improve technology and accessibility of biogas units and sludge management, especially for small-scale farmers. UNDP will develop and test sustainable and durable biogas units together with improved sludge management in pilot provinces. A pro-poor financing scheme for biogas will further be developed through broad stakeholder participation. This will provide villagers with affordable renewable energy while reducing GHG emissions and improving environmental practices. Furthermore, climate change adaptation is an integrated part of the project.
Read more...
Sustainable Energy
In 2008, the electrification rate in Indonesia was only 65% in average among provinces, making access to new energy an important development goal. It is however crucial that the new energy is sustainable, meaning that it is clean and renewable, in order to address both mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
Read more...
Energy Efficiency Standards and Labeling
A recent regional initiative for sustainable energy use is the BRESL programme, aiming to enable consumers to easily identify energy efficient household appliances through a national labeling scheme. Since Indonesia has no existing consumer oriented guidance or labeling on energy efficient appliances, UNDP is assisting the Government to set up a standardization and labeling programme, so that consumers can easily choose energy efficient home appliances. Overall, the BRESL regional project will reduce carbon emissions by an estimated 23.4 million metric tons (MMT) per year by the end of the project.
Read more...
Reducing CO2 emissions by effective Micro turbine Co-generation Technology
Indonesia’s new national energy policy encourages increased use of the country’s vast natural gas resources. UNDP is in this context working on the MCTAP (Micro turbine Co-generation Technology Application Programme) programme, which is promoting the utilization of natural gas based power generation, together with co-generation technology. Micro turbines generate electricity with only 65 percent of the CO2 emissions of a conventional system. UNDP is therefore assisting Indonesia in promoting co-generation technology for small to medium sized industries. By the end of the project, MCTAP targets to stimulate 200 MW microturbine cogeneration installations, which means saving 3,20 BOE of energy and reducing 1.5 million tones CO2eq.
Read more...
Helping the climate through strengthening community-based forest and watershed management
This project is designed to enhance and upscale the Government’s programmes on Community-Based Forest and Watershed Management. UNDP is working to improve forest conditions and degraded land, thus contributing significantly to climate change mitigation, while empowering community involvement in forest and watershed management. This is done by addressing the inequitable distribution of benefits from forest resources and by developing models of community based watershed management. The initiative will take place in six provinces in Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Lombok and the Timor islands. The most successful management models and practices will later be replicated in other areas.
Read more...
Reducing CO2 emissions through sustainable local resource management
UNDP is through the GEF Small Grants Programme assisting local communities to play a leading role in finding local solutions to sustainable natural resource management. Community-generated knowledge, which can provide innovative approaches to environmental conservation, is now filtering up to policy makers, helping to strengthen national efforts to promote sustainable development. Support to community-based freshwater, coastal and marine resource restoration and management, and assistance to community-based renewable energy projects are particularly important parts of the project. UNDP Indonesia has through this initiative supported more than 30 projects related to climate change.
Read more...
Developing a sustainable mangement of marine resources in a context of climate change
The tropical Arafura and Timor Seas (ATS) is a region extremely rich in marine resources, being part of the Coral Triangle zone considered to have the highest marine biodiversity in the world. The region sustains several valuable transboundary fish stocks that provide livelihoods for millions of people in the region. A serious decline of the marine environment in the ATS region is however taking place, primarily as a result of overexploitation of fisheries, in addition to climatic stress. As the ocean resources are crucial for development of Indonesia, UNDP contributed substantially to the World Ocean Conference (WOC) held in Manado in May 2009. Resulting in the Manado Ocean Declaration, WOC agreed to push ocean issues at the agenda of the COP15 in Copenhagen. UNDP is through this project assisting the development of an integrated, cooperative, sustainable, ecosystem-based management of the marine resources shared by all the countries in the ATS region. The project is an important initiative in the work of linking a sustainable management of the marine resources to mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
Read more...
Mangroves for the Future (MFF)
Mangroves are considered as important ‘forests’ in coastal areas, providing livelihoods and anti erosion eco-services. However, over 80 % of Indonesia’s mangrove forest are believed to be severely degraded. The MFF uses mangroves as the flagship species but works to conserve and improve all types of natural coastal ecosystems. This project is a unique multi-partner initiative to promote investment in coastal ecosystem conservation and restoration. Moreover, mangrove forest planting and conservation contribute to climate change mitigation, while building community resilience to natural disasters and adaptive coastal management is directly related to addressing climate change adaptation needs.
Promoting Community Livelihoods through Sustainable and Integrated Management of the Mahakam Delta
The unsustainable and rapid conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds/farms has caused large scale degradation in the Mahakam Delta region in Kalimantan. The high dependence of the local economy on unsustainable shrimp farming is problematic on various fronts including biodiversity loss and water pollution, but particularly worrying are the potential adverse effects of climate change. Specific project activities include: (a) Advocating for reduced pollution and contamination of the Mahakam Delta, (b) Helping communities to find safe and sustainable Mahakam Delta resource management solutions, (c) Supporting the development of comprehensive policies on shrimp pond development and mangrove conservation, and (d) Assisting the resolution of Mahakam Delta-related land use conflict.
Map of UNDP Climate Change projects in Indonesia
|
Indonesia
Advocacy, Policy Support and Financial Mechanisms on Climate Change 
Sustainable Energy
Sustainable Natural Resource Management 
