What We Do

Country Programme Action Plan (CPAP) 2006 - 2010

The Country Programme Action Plan 2006 – 2010 is a five-year programme document of cooperation between the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Government of Indonesia. CPAP maps out the UNDP’s plans to support the Government of Indonesia. The Government’s medium-term national development priorities include poverty alleviation, deepening democracy, the reconstruction of Aceh and creating a safer and more peaceful Indonesia. The action plan is the culmination of a year-long process of consultations between the Government of Indonesia, particularly BAPPENAS, and UN agencies. The action plans are also part of UN reforms aimed at improving coordination between agencies.

Since the economic crisis and political transformation of 1997 – 1998, Indonesia has made significant advances in reducing poverty and deepening democracy. Indonesia’s first Progress Report on the Millenium Development Goals and National Human Development Report (NHDR) track positive socio-economic progress. Based on national trends, Indonesia is on track to achieve many of the MDGs by 2015. Between 1999 and 2002, the proportion of people living in poverty fell from 23.5% to 18 %, and notable improvements are also evident in progress towards the MDGs related to adult literacy, infant mortality, and child malnutrition.

However, the road to reaching national MDGs is not without challenges. The number of poor in Indonesia remains high, with over 110 million people (53 % or the population) living on less than US$ 2 per day and 16 million people (7.5 %) of the population on less than US$ 1 per day. The proportion of the population with sustainable access to improved sanitation is only slowly increasing; maternal mortality rates are amongst the highest is Southeast Asia; and the HIV/AIDS epidemic is accelerating sharply across the country. Even if the MDG targets may be met nationally, some provinces and districts, particularly in more remote regions, might be slightly off the mark.

Indonesia’s complex process of change over the past decade has created significant challenges for one of the planet’s most ecologically diverse countries. Given that most poor are heavily dependent on ecosystems for maintaining their livelihoods – where a large number of people are directly dependent on forest resources – the nexus between environmental management and poverty reduction needs to be strengthened. As Indonesia’s economy remains natural and resource-based, decentralization of responsibility for the management of natural resources can create a potent mix of inadequate local capacities, frail market conditions, and political uncertainty – which could result in various environmental problems.

Following the economic crisis and political transformation, Indonesia experiences a wave of diverse social conflicts. While the incidence of violent conflict has declined markedly over the last five years, these conflicts have had a significant impact on human development in affected areas. Similarly, the enormous damage from the earthquake and tsunami that hit Aceh and North Sumatra in December 2004, followed by the earthquake in March 2005, demonstrated the vulnerability of communities to risks of natural disasters. The disproportionate impact of those crises on women has also been recognized.

Aceh poses a unique challenge in addressing both peace building and recovery from the natural disaster. The tsunami-hit province needs to implement politically challenging tasks outlined in the Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Government of Indonesia and GAM (Gerakan Aceh Merdeka). With such a huge number of casualties and other problems that resulted from the tsunami, the Government must shoulder the burden of laying the foundations for democracy to take root in the province. Enhancing access to justice sector reform is also essential components of peace building and long-term development effort as concepts of redress and justice are central to peace, trust, and confidence building.

Building upon the lessons learned during the previous CCF programming cycle (2001 – 2005), activities during 2006 – 2010 will be more focused in terms of geographic area, work more closely with the government and other partners in accordance with the Paris Declaration enhance monitoring and evaluation mechanism, mainstream conflict sensitive and human rights based approach.

UNDP will support the implementation of the Government’s Medium Term Development Plan, the Master Plan for Reconstruction in Aceh and Nias, the MoU between the Government of Indonesia and GAM, while targeting areas where UNDP has comparative advantage and demonstrated capacity. Accordingly, UNDP aspire to support Indonesia’s national priorities which include the realization of four basic development goals:

1. Consolidation and legitimization of democratic governance;
2. Placing the economy on a sustainable and equitable growth path, ensuring that the pace of poverty reduction is accelerated;
3. Institutionalizing mechanisms to cope with social and ethnic conflicts;
4. Institutionalizing mechanisms for environmental management in the context of decentralization of development responsibilities.

These thematic areas are conceptualized as providing a coherent and mutually reinforcing package of support to assist Indonesia consolidate the progress it has made in recent years and accelerate progress towards achieving MDGs.

Programme Areas

Programmes incorporated in the Country Programme Action Plan attempt to provide a comprehensive and integrated response to Indonesia’s transformation process, with the overarching aim of poverty reduction. Based on the convergence of national development priorities and internationally agreed development goals, UNDP’s Country Programme for 2006 – 2010 focuses on the four areas of:

• Strengthening human development to achieve the MDGs
  UNDP will continue its role as the principal advocate of human development towards achieving the MDGs through policy support, monitoring initiatives, CSO support, including specific programmes on HIV/AIDS and gender equality. Particular attention will be paid to the provinces where progress towards achievements of the MDGs is especially lagging.
• Promoting sustainable environment and effective use of energy
  In assisting Government of Indonesia’s efforts face challenges in addressing environmental issues, UNDP will strengthen cooperation with various partners and existing facilities such as the Global Environment Facility (GEF). These strategies will build guide the UNDP support to the Government for the next 5 years which is also directly linked to the National Mid-Term Development Plan.
• Promoting democratic governance
  Through its strategic support for governance reform, elections, parliamentary capacity and local governance in the previous programming cycle, UNDP has built a trusted relationship with governments at central and local level as well as with non-governmental stakeholders. UNDP will continue to support stakeholders in maintaining and guiding the momentum of rapidly evolving democratization and decentralization processes by focusing on three programme components that would directly linked to the second Agenda of the National Medium Term Development Plan, “to create Indonesia that is just and democratic.”
• Reducing Vulnerability to crisis
  Conflicts and natural disasters can reverse the precious development gains achieved over a long period of time and drastically effect the most vulnerable, including women. Communities in conflict are often at the cutting edge of development. Conventional approaches have tended to regard conflicts, not as an endemic part of processes of change, but as exceptional events warranting emergency-type responses. Consequently, there are gaps between relief and rehabilitation efforts, on the one hand, and development programmes on the other. Integration of crisis responses and post-crisis development programmes is likely to foster a “culture of prevention”, overcoming the risk of recurrence. UNDP will promote a change from a culture of response to a culture of prevention. This programme component is directly linked to the first agenda of the National Medium Term Development Plan “to create Indonesia that is secure and peaceful.” UNDP has also provided preparatory assistance and technical support for strengthening national capacity in disaster management, which includes the support to the Government in developing a ‘road map’ of initiatives on disaster management.
• Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Aceh and North Sumatra
  UNDP responded rapidly to the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Aceh and Nias and has sought to bridge early relief efforts with recovery and longer-term reconstruction assistance. UNDP’s early response, which will continue into the new Country Programme cycle, has been through the Emergency response and Transitional Recovery (ERTR) framework. In the long term, UNDP will promote sustainable recovery from the disasters through supporting the institutions tasked with leading the reconstruction process articulated in the Government’s Master Plan.

Evaluation report is available on UNDP Evaluation Resource Center Website.